Module Details

The information contained in this module specification was correct at the time of publication but may be subject to change, either during the session because of unforeseen circumstances, or following review of the module at the end of the session. Queries about the module should be directed to the member of staff with responsibility for the module.
Title ENGINEERING FLUID MECHANICS
Code MECH627
Coordinator Dr V Bertola
Mechanical, Materials & Aerospace Eng
Volfango.Bertola@liverpool.ac.uk
Year CATS Level Semester CATS Value
Session 2019-20 Level 7 FHEQ First Semester 15

Aims

To introduce students to the role of viscosity in fluid mechanics, including the no-slip condition and the concept of vorticity.

To introduce basic principles of laminar and turbulent flow through pipes including definition and evaluation of the Fanning and Darcy friction factors.

To introduce the concept of a boundary layer, including separation and transition, and basic equations for friction factor in laminar and turbulent flow with zero pressure gradient.

To outline the calculation of bluff-body drag using drag coefficients with qualitative explanations.

To introduce potential-flow theory including the concept of irrationality and the principle of superposition.

To show how to analyse compressible flow through constant-area ducts accounting for friction or heat transfer and to use the Fanno- and Rayleigh-flow tables.

To show how to analyse external compressible flow including expansion and compression turns (Prandtl-Meyer expansions and obliqu e shock waves).


Learning Outcomes

(LO1) Increased understanding of the role of a number of important concepts of fluid mechanics (e.g. viscosity, boundary layer development in viscous flows, compressibility and heat addition) in flows of engineering interest

(LO2) An understanding of how empirical expressions, typically derived from experimental data and observations, can be used in making engineering-level predictions of fluid mechanics characteristics

(LO3) Understanding the principles of compressible gas flows with shock waves, expansions waves and/or heat addition and friction.

(S1) Principles of problem solving and working to an appropriate number of significant figures

(S2) Ability to interpolate within tabulated data

(S3) Ability to interpret a word version of an engineering problem and solve using engineering science principles


Syllabus

 

Part 1 - Fundamental Fluid Concepts
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Classification of fluid flows

Part 2 - Viscosity and Shear Stress
2.1 Dynamic viscosity
2.2 Dimensions of dynamic viscosity
2.3 Kinematic viscosity
2.4 Effects of temperature and pressure on dynamic viscosity 2.4.1 Liquids 2.4.2 Gases

Part 3 - Dimensional Numbers and Similarity
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Similarity 3.2.1 Geometric similarity 3.2.2 Kinematic similarity 3.2.3 Dynamic similarity

Part 4 - Rotation, Vorticity and Potential Flow Theory
4.1 Rotation
4.2 Vorticity
4.3 Circulation
4.4 Potential flow theory 4.4.1 Streamlines and stream function 4.4.2 Velocity potential lines and potential function 4.4.3 Basic 2D potential flows 4.4.3.1 Uniform flow 4.4.3.2 Source and sink 4.4.3.3 Vortex 4.4.3.4 Doublet 4.4.4 Superposition of basic potential flows 4.4.4.1 Source in uniform flow 4.4.4.2 Source and sink in uniform flow 4.4.4.3 Doublet in uniform flow

Part 5 - Navier-Stokes Equations
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Euler's equations of motions and Bernoulli's equation

Part 6 - Laminar and Turbulent Flows
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Criteria for laminar and turbulent flows
6.3 Shear stress distribution in a circular pipe flow
6.4 Steady, fully-developed laminar flow in circular pipe -- Hagen-Poiseuille Law
6.5 Laminar pipe flow friction loss
6.6 Turbulent flow in circular pipe and flow friction loss
6.7 Minor losses in pipe flows 6.7.1 Losses due to pipe enlargement and contraction 6.7.2 Losses due to pipe bends, elbows and fittings 6.8 Flow entry into a circular pipe
6.9 Friction velocity
6.10 Turbulent velocity profile
6.11 Hydraulic roughness (or surface roughness)

Part 7 - Boundary Layers and Wakes
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Boundary layer thickness
7.3 Laminar boundary layer on flat-plate with zero pressure gradient 7.4 Turbulant boundary layer on flat -plate with zero pressure gradient
7.5 Pressure gradient
7.6 Flow separations and wakes
7.7 Pressure and skin friction drag

Part 8 - One-Dimensional Compressible Flows
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Speed of sound and Mach number
8.3 Basic one-dimensional compressible flow equations
8.4 One-dimensional compressible duct flows 8.4.1 Frictionless flow with heat addition or extraction (Rayleigh flow) 8.4.2 Adiabatic flow with friction (Fanno flow)
8.5 Normal shock waves
8.6 Oblique shock waves
8.7 Supersonic flow around a corner (Prandtl-Meyer expansion fan) 8.8 Shock-expansion theory


Teaching and Learning Strategies

Teaching Method 1 - Lecture
Description:
Attendance Recorded: Not yet decided


Teaching Schedule

  Lectures Seminars Tutorials Lab Practicals Fieldwork Placement Other TOTAL
Study Hours 48

          48
Timetable (if known)              
Private Study 102
TOTAL HOURS 150

Assessment

EXAM Duration Timing
(Semester)
% of
final
mark
Resit/resubmission
opportunity
Penalty for late
submission
Notes
Assessment 2 There is a resit opportunity. Assessment Schedule (When) :first semester  3 hours    80       
CONTINUOUS Duration Timing
(Semester)
% of
final
mark
Resit/resubmission
opportunity
Penalty for late
submission
Notes
Assessment 1 Standard UoL penalty applies for late submission. Assessment Schedule (When) :First semester  2 assignments - appr    20       

Recommended Texts

Reading lists are managed at readinglists.liverpool.ac.uk. Click here to access the reading lists for this module.